Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis from 2022 to 2034 Containing Market Size, Share along with its CAGR, Forecast and Trends
Top Countries — Revenue
Market Dynamics of Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis
↑ Growth Drivers
- Increasing Beauty Awareness
- Rising Disposable income
- Increased emphasis on personal appearance and upkeep.
- Growth of e-commerce and online beauty purchasing platforms.
- Beauty influencers are becoming increasingly popular, as are social media trends.
↓ Restraints
- Counterfeit produts
- Regulatory complexity
~ Trends
- Expansion into emerging areas, including the burgeoning beauty and cosmetics industries
- Personalization and customization of cosmetic products to meet the interests and demands of each individual
Access the full forecast model.
Country-level data · Company profiles · Editable dataset · Analyst consultation included.
Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis — Presence
Geographical Analysis
Click countries to exploreRegional and Country Analysis
| Region / Country | 2021 (A) | 2025 (A) | 2033 (P) | CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global | xxxx | xxxx | xxxx | 6.5% |
| North America | xxxx | xxxx | xxxx | 4.7% |
| Europe | xxxx | xxxx | xxxx | 5% |
| Asia Pacific | xxxx | xxxx | xxxx | 8.5% |
| South America | xxxx | xxxx | xxxx | 5.9% |
| Middle East | xxxx | xxxx | xxxx | 6.2% |
A = Actual · E = Estimated · P = Projected · 🔒 Locked values require full access. Click headers to sort.
Unlock full regional dataset →Segmentation Analysis
Charts are illustrative — exact values, country-level breakdowns, and full forecast in the paid report. Request a Free Sample PDF.
To learn more about market share and segmentation, request the free sample pages.
Competitor Analysis
Competitive Landscape of the Retail Cosmetics Market
The global cosmetics market is dominated by companies such as The Procter & Gamble Company, LOREAL S.A., Revlon, Inc., Skinfood Co., Ltd., Avon Products, Inc., and Unilever PLC. To stay competitive, these players are implementing a variety of organic and inorganic expansion techniques
In July 2022, Unilever PLC collaborated with the InterContinental Hotels operator to provide larger packets of personal care goods such as hand wash, body wash, shampoo, conditioner, and body lotion to guest bathrooms in its hotels and resorts, assisting the hotel operator in reducing single-use plastic waste.
In August 2023, Kao Corporation announced that its wholly owned subsidiaries, Kao Australia Pty. Limited and Kao USA Inc., will acquire the Bondi Sands brands through the acquisition of Bondi Sands Australia Pty Ltd and related Bondi Sands enterprises to offer a range of sun care and skincare products.
(Source:https://www.kao.com/global/en/newsroom/news/release/2023/20230801-001/)
| Top Companies (In no particular order) | 2022 (A) | 2023 (A) | 2024 (A) | 2025 (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Procter & Gamble Company | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| LOREAL S.A. | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Revlon Inc. | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Skinfood Co. Ltd. | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Avon Products Inc | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| The Estee Lauder Companies Inc. | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Oriflame Cosmetics Global SA | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Unilever PLC | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Shiseido Company Limited | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Kao Corporation | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
We Provide Regional Breakdown of this Companies and Company specific to any Country, Region, Product/ service as well. We cover market share analysis for publicly listed companies as well as privately held companies, subject to data availability.
Request company profile for validation →Report Scope & Analysis
According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Retail Cosmetics market size is USD 315485.6 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.50% from 2024 to 2031.
- North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 126194.24 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.7% from 2024 to 2031.
- Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 94645.68 million.
- Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 72561.69 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5% from 2024 to 2031.
- Latin America had a market share for more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 15774.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9% from 2024 to 2031.
- Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 6309.71 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2024 to 2031.
- Supermarkets held the highest Retail Cosmetics market revenue share in 2024.
Introduction of the Retail Cosmetics Market
Cosmetics are now crucial in people's lives because they not only improve how someone looks but are also closely related to enhancing one's overall personality and self-assurance. The focus on skincare, haircare, and general appearance as well as consumer awareness have played key roles in driving the Global Cosmetics Market. The growth of the cosmetics market has been driven by the rise in popularity of key ingredients such as vitamin C, retinol, hyaluronic acid, as well as the introduction of new products like anti-aging treatments, eye creams, serums, sunscreens, and hair color formulations. Manufacturers focusing on packaging based on usefulness and convenience has further appealed to customers. An example of this is the use of specialized pumps for face wash, which act like a brush to provide a massage sensation during face washing or with roll-on eye creams.
For instance, in March, 2023, Unilever PLC's Lakme brand has launched a new CC cream product, Lakme 9 to 5 CC light Mousse, in various hues in India. Beige, Frappe, bronze, and almond are among the available hues. (Source: https://www.lakmeindia.com/products/lakme-9-to-5-cc-mousse-almond-25gm)
Analyst Conclusion
Our study will explain complete manufacturing process along with major raw materials required to manufacture end-product. This report helps to make effective decisions determining product positioning and will assist you to understand opportunities and threats around the globe.
The Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis is witnessing significant growth in the near future.
In 2023, the Makeup and color cosmetics segment accounted for a notable share of the Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions
★ Reviews
Rate this report
Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis — Table of Contents
- This is just a redacted sample pages of the actual deliverable report and only for representative purposes
- Charts/Graphs/Numbers/data are only for Representative purposes and do not depict actual statistics.
- The table of Contents differs according to the user License selection. Current Displayed TOC is for the Corporate User License Report Edition. TOC Customization options: Add or Remove section/s Or chapter/s from the report.
- Specific Tables, Graphs, Sections, and Chapters can be ordered at a discounted price.
- If applicable; On Request Volume Data will also be provided (at an Additional Cost).
| Type | Makeup and color cosmetics, Skin and sun care products, Hair care products, Deodorants and fragrances |
| Application | General departmental store, Supermarkets, Drug stores, Brand outlets |
| Gender | Men, Women, Unisex |
| List of Competitors | The Procter & Gamble Company, LOREAL S.A., Revlon Inc., Skinfood Co. Ltd., Avon Products Inc, The Estee Lauder Companies Inc., Oriflame Cosmetics Global SA, Unilever PLC, Shiseido Company Limited, Kao Corporation |
-
1.1 Top Competitors Analysis
-
1.1.1 Global Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Key Players
(Subject to Data Availability (Private Players))
- 1.1.2 Top Players Ranking 2024
- 1.1.3 New Product Launch Analysis
- 1.1.4 Industry Mergers and Acquisition Analysis
-
-
1.2 Company Profile (Data Subject to Availability) Sample Format
-
1.2.1 The Procter & Gamble Company
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.1.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.1.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.1.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.1.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.1.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.1.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.1.8 Management Change
- 1.2.1.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.2 LOREAL S.A.
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.2.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.2.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.2.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.2.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.2.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.2.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.2.8 Management Change
- 1.2.2.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.3 Revlon Inc.
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.3.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.3.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.3.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.3.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.3.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.3.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.3.8 Management Change
- 1.2.3.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.4 Skinfood Co. Ltd.
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.4.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.4.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.4.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.4.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.4.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.4.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.4.8 Management Change
- 1.2.4.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.5 Avon Products Inc
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.5.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.5.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.5.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.5.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.5.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.5.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.5.8 Management Change
- 1.2.5.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.6 The Estee Lauder Companies Inc.
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.6.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.6.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.6.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.6.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.6.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.6.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.6.8 Management Change
- 1.2.6.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.7 Oriflame Cosmetics Global SA
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.7.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.7.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.7.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.7.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.7.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.7.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.7.8 Management Change
- 1.2.7.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.8 Unilever PLC
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.8.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.8.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.8.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.8.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.8.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.8.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.8.8 Management Change
- 1.2.8.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.9 Shiseido Company Limited
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.9.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.9.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.9.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.9.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.9.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.9.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.9.8 Management Change
- 1.2.9.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
1.2.10 Kao Corporation
Data Subject to Availability as we consider Top competitors and their market share will be delivered.
- 1.2.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area, and Competitors
- 1.2.10.2 Business Overview
- 1.2.10.3 Financials (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.10.4 R&D Investment (Subject to data availability)
- 1.2.10.5 Product Types Specification
- 1.2.10.6 Business Strategy
- 1.2.10.7 Recent Developments
- 1.2.10.8 Management Change
- 1.2.10.9 S.W.O.T Analysis
-
- 2.1 Global Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis
- 2.2 Global Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Region
- 2.3 Global Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Type
- 2.4 Global Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Application
- 2.5 Global Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Gender
- 2.6 Global Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Key Players
- 3.1 North America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis
- 3.2 North America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Country
- 3.3 North America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Type
- 3.4 North America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Application
- 3.5 North America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Gender
- 3.6 North America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Key Players
- 4.1 Europe Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis
- 4.2 Europe Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Country
- 4.3 Europe Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Type
- 4.4 Europe Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Application
- 4.5 Europe Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Gender
- 4.6 Europe Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Key Players
- 5.1 Asia Pacific Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis
- 5.2 Asia Pacific Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Country
- 5.3 Asia Pacific Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Type
- 5.4 Asia Pacific Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Application
- 5.5 Asia Pacific Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Gender
- 5.6 Asia Pacific Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Key Players
- 6.1 South America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis
- 6.2 South America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Country
- 6.3 South America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Type
- 6.4 South America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Application
- 6.5 South America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Gender
- 6.6 South America Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Key Players
- 7.1 Middle East Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis
- 7.2 Middle East Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Country
- 7.3 Middle East Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Type
- 7.4 Middle East Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Application
- 7.5 Middle East Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Gender
- 7.6 Middle East Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Key Players
- 8.1 Africa Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis
- 8.2 Africa Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Country
- 8.3 Africa Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Type
- 8.4 Africa Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Application
- 8.5 Africa Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Gender
- 8.6 Africa Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis by Key Players
-
9.1 Makeup and color cosmetics
- 9.1.1 Global Makeup and color cosmetics Market
- 9.1.2 Global Makeup and color cosmetics Market by Region
-
9.2 Skin and sun care products
- 9.2.1 Global Skin and sun care products Market
- 9.2.2 Global Skin and sun care products Market by Region
-
9.3 Hair care products
- 9.3.1 Global Hair care products Market
- 9.3.2 Global Hair care products Market by Region
-
9.4 Deodorants and fragrances
- 9.4.1 Global Deodorants and fragrances Market
- 9.4.2 Global Deodorants and fragrances Market by Region
-
10.1 General departmental store
- 10.1.1 Global General departmental store Market
- 10.1.2 Global General departmental store Market by Region
-
10.2 Supermarkets
- 10.2.1 Global Supermarkets Market
- 10.2.2 Global Supermarkets Market by Region
-
10.3 Drug stores
- 10.3.1 Global Drug stores Market
- 10.3.2 Global Drug stores Market by Region
-
10.4 Brand outlets
- 10.4.1 Global Brand outlets Market
- 10.4.2 Global Brand outlets Market by Region
-
11.1 Men
- 11.1.1 Global Men Market
- 11.1.2 Global Men Market by Region
-
11.2 Women
- 11.2.1 Global Women Market
- 11.2.2 Global Women Market by Region
-
11.3 Unisex
- 11.3.1 Global Unisex Market
- 11.3.2 Global Unisex Market by Region
- 12.1 Market Drivers
- 12.2 Market Restraints
- 12.3 Market Trends
- 12.4 Market Opportunity
- 12.5 Technological Road Map (Subject to Data Availability)
- 12.6 Product Life Cycle (Subject to Data Availability)
-
12.7 Customer and Buyer Behavior Analysis
- 12.7.1 Consumer Demographics and Target Audience Assessment
- 12.7.2 Digital Engagement, Customer Experience & Relationship Analysis
- 12.7.3 Customer Buying Behavior & Purchase Decision Analysis
- 12.7.4 Vendor Selection, Supplier Preferences & Future Demand Trends
- 12.7.5 Pricing, Affordability & Value Perception Analysis
- 12.7.6 Customer Segmentation & Demand Pattern Analysis
-
12.8 PESTEL Analysis
- 12.8.1 Political Factors
- 12.8.2 Economic Factors
- 12.8.3 Social Factors
- 12.8.4 Technological Factors
- 12.8.5 Legal Factors
- 12.8.6 Environmental Factors
-
12.9 Industrial Chain Analysis (Subject to Data Availability)
- 12.9.1 Industry Chain Analysis
- 12.9.2 Manufacturing Cost Analysis
-
12.9.3 Supply Side Analysis
- 12.9.3.1 Raw Material Analysis
- 12.9.3.2 Raw Material Procurement Analysis
- 12.9.3.3 Raw Material Price Trend Analysis
-
12.10 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
- 12.10.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 12.10.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 12.10.3 Threat of New Entrants
- 12.10.4 Threat of Substitutes
- 12.10.5 Degree of Competition
- 12.11 Patent Analysis (Subject to Data Availability)
- 12.12 ESG Analysis
-
12.13 Geopolitical Outlook
- 12.13.1 Global Power Realignment & Strategic Alliances
- 12.13.2 Geopolitical Risk Landscape & Conflict Hotspots
- 12.13.3 International Trade Relations & Market Access Environment
- 12.13.4 Regulatory & Policy Shifts Impacting Cross-Border Operations
- 12.13.5 Supply Chain Resilience, Localization & Resource Nationalism
- 12.13.6 Technology Sovereignty & Digital Geopolitics
- 12.13.7 Strategic Implications for Investment, Growth & Market Entry
-
12.14 AI & Market Transformation
This chapter isn't just about technology; it’s about certainty. We show you how AI is being used in leading industries so you can apply those same 'High-Speed' and 'High-Accuracy' principles to your own market strategy
- 12.14.1 Competitive Landscape Disruption & Strategic Shifts
- 12.14.2 AI-Driven Transformation of Industry Value Chain
- 12.14.3 Evolution of Business Models & Revenue Streams
- 12.14.4 AI-Driven Product, Service & Innovation Transformation
- 12.14.5 Customer Behavior, AI Adoption & Future Market Evolution
-
13.1 Country 1
- 13.2 Country 2
- 13.3 Country 3
- 13.4 Country 4
- 13.5 Country 5
- 13.6 Country 6
- 13.7 Country 7
- 13.8 Country 8
- 13.9 Country 9
- 13.10 Country 10
- 14.1 Key Takeaways
-
14.2 Analyst Point of View
Here the analyst will summarize the content of entire report and will share his view point on the current industry scenario and how the market is expected to perform in the near future. The points shared by the analyst are based on his/her detailed in-depth understanding of the market during the course of this report study. You will be provided exclusive rights to interact with the concerned analyst for unlimited time pre purchase as well as post purchase of the report.
- 14.3 Assumptions and Acronyms
-
15.1 Primary Data Collection
-
15.1.1 Steps for Primary Data Collection
- 15.1.1.1 Identification of KOL
- 15.1.2 Backward Integration
- 15.1.3 Forward Integration
- 15.1.4 How Primary Research Help Us
- 15.1.5 Modes of Primary Research
-
15.1.1 Steps for Primary Data Collection
-
15.2 Secondary Research
- 15.2.1 How Secondary Research Help Us
- 15.2.2 Sources of Secondary Research
-
15.3 Data Validation
- 15.3.1 Data Triangulation
- 15.4 Data Representation
Athenaeum AI Dashboard
Our Proprietary Methodology
Cognitive Market Research and Consulting "The Full Truth" methodology — a rigorous triangulation process that combines primary research, secondary validation, and expert calibration. Implemented by Anushka Gore and team for the Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis Market analysis.
Primary Intelligence Gathering
Direct interviews with 50+ industry stakeholders including manufacturers, distributors, end-users, and regulatory bodies across all six regions.
Secondary Data Triangulation
Cross-referencing against trade databases, customs records, financial filings, patent databases, and verified industry publications.
Expert Validation Protocol
Each data point undergoes validation by minimum two independent domain experts with 15+ years of industry experience.
Athenaeum AI Processing
Our proprietary AI platform aggregates, normalizes, and identifies patterns across 10,000+ data points to surface non-obvious insights.
Editorial & QA Review
Final review by senior analysts ensures accuracy, coherence, and actionability of all insights and recommendations.
Data Assurance Metrics
Analytical Coverage
To maintain the integrity of our proprietary methodology and protect our elite expert network, specific source disclosures are reserved for full-access partners. Our research framework is anchored by a 70:30 primary-to-secondary ratio, ensuring your strategy is driven by real-time market intelligence rather than recycled, publicly available, or AI-generated data. Every deliverable includes an exhaustive source directory and grants direct analyst access.
Sources from the Consumer Industry
The Three Pillars of End-to-End Market Research Services
We don't just hand over data. We partner with your team across three integrated service lines — each designed to give you decision-grade intelligence on the Retail Cosmetics Market Analysis market.
Market Survey
Structured primary research across both B2B and B2C channels. We design and execute custom surveys targeting manufacturers, distributors, procurement heads, and end-consumers in the retail cosmetics market analysis ecosystem — validated by our global panel of 10,000+ industrial respondents.
- Buyer intent & sentiment analysis
- Purchase cycle mapping
- Price sensitivity research
- Channel preference profiling
- Competitive perception study
Customized Market Data & Reports
Choose from our ready-to-access 8th Edition report or commission a fully customized dataset tailored to your exact strategic questions. Cross-splits, custom geographies, proprietary segmentation — we build the intelligence asset your board actually needs.
- Ready syndicate report (250+ pages)
- Custom data scope & segmentation
- Excel quantitative models
- Board-ready PPT with key findings
- Secure cloud portal access
Strategic Consultation
Every survey and every report comes with dedicated analyst consultation. Our senior research team walks your leadership through findings, answers strategic questions in real-time, and helps translate data into your next board presentation or investment thesis.
- Dedicated analyst assigned to you
- Live walkthrough of findings
- Strategic Q&A sessions
- Go-to-market recommendations
- NDA-protected engagement
Customize This Report
Tell us the specific segments, regions, or companies you need — and we will tailor the deliverable to your requirements.